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Index / Mediation / Processing / HairyRed / Notes on Kinetic Sculpture / Tissue / Seed / Living_Surfaces / D-Cell | |
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Notes on
Kinetic Sculpture During the last few years, I have been searching for information on the origins of interactive/cybernetic/robotic/living sculpture. I've found a number of interesting sources published in the 1960s during an active period of kinetic and machine art, but after this short time, work in kinetic sculpture seems to virtually stop for about fifteen years. In the past decade, conceptual and technical innovations within the robotics and electronics community have opened up new possibilities for kinetic sculpture. A contemporary group of artists are creating work where the focus is not on the movement of the sculpture but on it's behavior -- how it reacts and actively responds to its dynamic environment. These pages present raw notes from my exploration into this history. They are presented as is and may contain grammatical and spelling errors due to quick typing. Comments and questions are welcome and may be addressed to: reas at groupc dot net |
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Kinetic Sculptors |
Theory Rosalind Krauss Jack Burnham Force Fields Automata General notes Jacques Vaucanson b.1709 Pierre Jacquet-Droz b.1721 Cybernetics & Robotics Norbert Wiener Ross W. Ashby Valentino Braitenberg John Haugeland Ronald C. Arkin Hans Moravec |
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| References The references presented below range from short articles to books representing years of research. Most references address the topic of kinetic sculpture, but there are a few references on automata, cybernetics, and robotics. I found the references with their numbers in italics to be the most useful. |
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| [01] | Anderson, Wayne. Takis, Evidence of the Unseen. MIT Press. Cambridge, MA. 1969. | ||
| [02] | Arkin, Ronald C. Behavior-Based Robotics. MIT
Press. Cambridge, MA. 1998 Overview of philosophy and architecture of behavioral robotic systems. |
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| [03] | Ashby, Ross W. Design for a Brain. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. London. 1960 | ||
| [04] | Braitenberg, Valentino. Vehicles, Experiments in Synthetic Psychology. MIT Press. Cambridge, MA. 1984 | ||
| [05] | Brett, Guy. Kinetic Art, The Language of Movement. Studio-Vista, London. 1968 | ||
| [06] | Brooks, Rodney A. Cambrian Intelligence, The Early History of the New AI. The MIT Press. Cambridge, MA. 1999 | ||
| [07] | Burnham, Jack. Beyond Modern Sculpture. George Braziller, 1967 | ||
| [08] | Chapuis, Alfred and Edmond Droz. Translated by
Alec Reid. Automata, A Historical and Technological Study. Editions du Griffon.
Neuchatel, Switzerland. 1958 Thorough chronology of automata from pre-history – 1950s. |
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| [09] | Borja-Villel, Manuel J. et al. Force Fields:
Phases of the Kinetic. Museu d’Art Contemporani. Barcelona. 2000 Catalog of an exhibition held at Museu d’Art Contemporani de Barcelona (MACBA), Apr. 19-June 18, 2000, and at Hayward Gallery, London July 13-Sep. 17, 2000. A new reading of art 1920-1970, a re-assessment of kinetic art. |
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| [10] | Bordier, Roger et al. The Movement: Agam, Bury,
Calder, Duchamp, Jacobsen, Soto, Tinguely, Vasarely. Editions Galerie Denise
René, Paris. 1975 Twenty year retrospective on the influential show, Le Mouvement, at Galerie Denise René in Paris, April 1955. |
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| [11] | Crosby, Theo. Kinetics. Lund Humpries. London.
1970 Catalogue of an exhibition held at Hayward Gallery, London, 25 September to 22 November, 1970. |
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| [12] | Heiss, Alanna. Dennis Oppenheim, Selected Works 1967-90. Harry N. Abrams. New York. 1992 | ||
| [13] | Hulten, Pontus. Jean Tinguely, A Magic Stronger
than Death. Abbeville Press, New York, NY. 1987 Retrospective of Tinguely’s work, fantastic photographs. |
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| [14] | Hulten, Pontus. The Machine, As Seen at the End
of Mechanical Age. New York Graphic Society, Greenwich, Connecticut. 1968
Catalogue of an exhibition to be held at the Museum of Modern Art, Nov. 25, 1968-Feb. 9, 1969 |
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| [15] | Krauss, Rosalind E. Passages in Modern Sculpture.
The MIT Press. Cambridge, MA. 1997 Insightful collection of essays on 20th century Sculpture. |
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| [16] | Malina, Frank J., ed. Kinetic Art: Theory and
Practice, Selections from the Journal Leonardo. Dover Publications, Inc.
New York, NY. 1974 Reprint of articles written by kinetic artists, originally published in journal Leonardo. |
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| [17] | Moholy-Nagy, Laszlo. Vision In Motion. Paul Theobald, Chicago. 1947 Visionary self-authored retrospective. | ||
| [18] | Moravec, Hans. “The Universal Robot.” In Arts Electronica, Facing the Future. MIT Press, Cambridge. 1999 | ||
| [19] | Nash, Steven A. and Merkert, Jorn. Naum Gabo, Sixty Years of Constructivism. Prestel-Verlag, Munich. 1985 | ||
| [20] | Papaikonomou, Evangelos. Biocybernetics, Biosystems Analysis, and the Pituitary Adrenal System. Nooy’s Drukkerij. Amsterdam. 1974 | ||
| [21] | Penny, Simon. “Why do we want our machines to seem alive?” Scientific American. September 1995 | ||
| [22] | Penny, Simon. “Systems Aesthetics and Cyborg Art: The Legacy of Jack Burnham.” Published in Sculpture, Vol.8 #1. January/February 1999 | ||
| [23] | Popper, Frank. Origins and Development of Kinetic
Art. New York Graphic Society, Greenwich, Connecticut. 1968. |
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| [24] | Popper, Frank. Art of the Electronic Age. Harry N. Abrams, New York. 1993 | ||
| [25] | Rath, Alan. Robotics. Smart Art Press, Santa
Fe. 1999. Catalog of an exhibition held at Site Santa Fe, Oct. 31, 1998-Jan. 24, 1999 |
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| [26] | Ray, Charles. Charles Ray. Scalo, Los Angeles.
1998 Catalog of an exhibition held at the Museum of Contemporary Art in 1998. |
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| [27] | Read, Herbert. “Constructivism: the Art of Naum
Gabo and Antoine Pevsner.” Published in Five European Sculptors. Arno Press. New York. 1969 |
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| [28] | Reichardt, Jasia. Cybernetic Serendipity, The
Computer and the Visual Arts. Frederick A. Prager, 1969 Exhibition catalog from influential 1968 exhibit at the ICA, London. |
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| [29] | Sanouillet, Michel and Elmer Peterson. The Writings of Marcel Duchamp. Da Capo Press, New York. 1989 | ||
| [30] | Selz, Peter. Directions in Kinetic Sculpture.
University of California. Berkeley, CA. 1966. Catalogue of an exhibition held at University Art Gallery, Berkeley. |
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| [31] | Schöffer, Nicolas and Jean Tinguely. 2 Kinetic Sculptors, Nicolas Schöffer and Jean Tinguely. The Jewish Museum. New York, NY. 1965 | ||
| [32] | Walter, W. Grey. “An Imitation of Life.” Scientific American, p42-45. May 1950 | ||
| [33] | Wiener, Norbert. Cybernetics, or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine. MIT Press. Cambridge, MA. 1948 | ||
© 2002, 2001 | Casey Reas |
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